Mokuto is done both before and after formal practice, to relax the body and clear the mind. Sitting in Seiza (formal seated posture), the eyes are closed and the head is tilted down slightly. Breathing should be done through the nose in a deep, slow fashion. The entire body should be completely relaxed. Before starting practice, the mind should be made a blank. This will allow freedom from outside thoughts which can be distracting. A simple exercise which may be used to clear the mind, is to concentrate on a single object, (such as, a lighted bulb), to the exclusion of all else. This will help the concentration and prepare one to focus total energy on training. After practice, the student should reflect upon the training, which was just completed and attempts to relate to these studies on an individual basis.