Mentoring At-Risk Youth:
General Articles and Books

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Updated 11/26/02


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GENERAL ARTICLES AND BOOKS

"ACE mentor program for inner-city students," Civil Engineering, Sep 1996.

Alleman, Elizabeth et al., "Enriching Mentoring Relationships," Personnel and Guidance Journal 62, February 1994.

"Analysis: Mentoring program in Portland, Oregon takes troubled kids in first grade and gives them a mentor to help them through to graduation from high school," All Things Considered (NPR), Linda Wertheimer, Noah Adams, Hosts, June 19, 2000.

Anderson, M, "High Juvenile Crime Rate: A Look at Mentoring as a Preventive Strategy," Criminal Law Bulletin, 30:1, 1994.

Ascher, Carol, "School-College Collaborations, a Strategy for Helping Low-Income Minorities," ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education, New York, 1988.

Ascher,-Carol,  "The Mentoring of Disadvantaged Youth," ERIC/CUE Digest No. 47, 1988.

Atkin, Ross, “The Mentor Touch; Youth groups recruit busy adults with better programs, fewer hours," Christian Science Monitor, Feb 2, 2000.

Attner, Paul, "Lighting up Young Lives" (athletes and social work), Sporting News, July 31, 2000.

Barnes, Tim  & Mary Stiasny, Eds., Mentoring: Making it Work, Bassett Press, Southampton, 1995.

Beam, Margaret R. et al, “Adolescent problem behavior and depressed mood: risk and protection within and across social contexts,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Oct 2002 v31 i5.

Becker, J., Mentoring High-Risk Kids, Johnson Institute, Minneapolis, MN, 1994.

Beier, Sharon, et al, "The Potential Role of an Adult Mentor in Influencing High-Risk Behaviors in Adolescents," Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Vol 154, April 2000.

Benard, B,  Mentoring Programs for Urban Youth: Handle With Care, Western Regional Center for Drug-Free Schools and Communities, Portland, OR, 1992.

Berkeley, J P., "Young People Mentoring: An employment perspective," Education & Training, 1994.  

Berkowitz, Lois and Beryl Benderly, Building Bridges to Citizenship, Close Up Foundation, Arlington, VA, 1989.

Bialick, Sandy, “PACER: Police and Children Engaged in Reading,”(mentoring program at Pine Grove Manor School in Franklin Township, New Jersey), Police Chief v65, n12, 50, December, 1998.

Biehl, Bobb,  Mentoring - Confidence in Finding a Mentor and Becoming One Broadman and Holman Publishers, Nashville, 1997.

Blocher, Karen, Factors in sustaining adult voluntary mentoring relationships with at-risk youth, (Ph.D. Thesis), University of Cincinnati, 1993.

Bloomfield, William, Career Beginnings: Helping Disadvantaged Youth Achieve Their Potential, Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, Bloomington, IN 1989.

Bluestein, Jane, Mentors, Masters and Mrs. MacGregor: Stories of Teachers Making a Difference, Health Communications, 1995.

Booth, Karon, Cover Fire, Peach Blossom Publications, Williamsport,  PA, August 2001. (A novel, a play, and a study guide designed for role playing for at-risk youth.)

Bordenkircher, Thomas G. A,  Directory of Youth Mentoring Programs and Materials,  The Plus Project on Mentoring, Pittsburgh, PA, 1991. 

Brendtro, Larry, Reclaiming Youth At Risk: Our Hope for the Future, National Educational Service, Bloomington, IN, 1990.

Brown, R.S., "Mentoring at-risk students: Challenges and potential," Toronto Board of Education, Toronto, Ontario 1995.

Buncher, Robert M, “The replicability and transferability of a school-based substance abuse prevention program to a community-based setting,” Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering. April, 1997.

Camp, Michele, "Guiding Light Inc.," (Seattle, Washington youth mentoring organization), Children Today, Summer-Fall 1995.

Camping Magazine, “Quality mentoring enhances Youth outcomes,” July-August 2002 v75 i4.

Carlile, Jim; Brown, Michael P, “Mentors help break the cycle of failure,”(partnership between educators and law enforcement professionals to teach children in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma), Police Chief v65, n12, 41, December, 1998.

Carroll, Doug, "Jump-Starting Young Lives/Mentors help children find meaning in school," Arizona Republic, January 30, 2001.

Cave, G., and J. Quint,  Career Beginnings Impact Evaluation: Findings from a Program for Disadvantaged High School Students, Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York, 1990. 

Center for Research on Effective Schooling for Disadvantaged Students, Using Community Adults as Advocates or Mentors for At-Risk Middle School Students: A Two-Year Evaluation of Project RAISE, Report No. 17,  Baltimore, MD,  1991.

Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (U.S.), Cooperative agreement for establishing a mentoring/advocacy program for high risk youth and their families, Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Rockville, MD, 1998.

Cockrum, Andrea, “Mentor program for L.A. youth,” (provided by the Fulfillment Fund),  (Letter to the Editor), Los Angeles Times v112, B7, col 4, January 9, 1993.

Cohen, Allison, "Personal Best/A Close-up Look at People Who Matter; Camp Trail Leads Donor to Award," Valley Edition, Los Angeles Times, January 4, 2001.

Communities in Schools, Communities in Schools: Helping kids to Help Themselves,  The Urban Institute, 1996.

Connelly, M., "Mentors and Tutors: An Overview of Two Volunteer Programs in Oklahoma Corrections," Journal of the Oklahoma Criminal Justice Research Consortium 2, 1995.

Cragar, M.A., "Reducing the high school DCT cooperative education drop out rate through an employer/student mentor program and at-risk teams," 1994, available from ERIC Clearinghouse.

Davis, J., Relationships/Orange County: "One-on-One Adds Up for Mentors and At-Risk Youths," Orange County Edition, Los Angeles Times, May 3, 1995.  

Davison, Aviles Robert M, “A culturally-enriched career and tutorial program and the vocational interests and career beliefs of at-risk middle school students, Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities  & Social Sciences, August 1995.

Decker, Cathleen, Wilson Urges Caring Adults to Mentor At-Risk Youths, Los Angeles Times, November 15, 1996.  

Dennison, Susan, "A Win-Win Peer Mentoring and Tutoring Program: A Collaborative Model," Journal of Primary Prevention, v20 n3, Spring 2000.

Diem, Richard A., “Dealing with the tip of the iceberg: School responses to at risk behaviors.,” High School Journal, Dec-Jan, 1991-1992.

Dondero, Grace M., Mentors: Beacons of hope, Adolescence, Winter, 1997.

Dortch, Thomas and Joyner, Tom, The Miracles of Mentoring: The Joy of Investing in Our Future, Doubleday, 2000.

Driscoll, Anne, “Enlarging the world of disabled.” (Boston, Partners for Disabled Youth, mentor program), New York Times v138, sec1, 48(L), col 3, August 13, 1989.

Drury, Keith, Successful Youth Mentoring, Group Publishing, 1998.

Drury, Keith, Successful Youth Mentoring 2, Group Publishing, 1999.

DuBois D.L.; Holloway B.E.; Valentine J.C.; Cooper H., Effectiveness of Mentoring Programs for Youth: A Meta-Analytic Review, American Journal of Community Psychology, April 2002, vol. 30, no. 2, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.

Einolf, Louise H, “Mentoring to prevent school drop outs,” Journal of Behavioral Education, Dec, 1995.

Evans, Thomas W.,  Mentors: Making a Difference In Our Public Schools, Peterson's Guides, Princeton, NJ, 1992.  

Fennimore, T.F. and Pritz, S.G,,  The Helping Process Booklet for Mentors, The National Centre for Research in Vocational Education, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 1988.

Flaxman, Erwin, Carol Ascher, and Charles Harrington, Youth Mentoring: Programs and Practices, ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education, 1988. 

Flaxman, E., and C. Ascher, Mentoring in Action: The Efforts of Programs in  New York City,  Institute for Urban and Minority Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, 1992.

Foster, Catherine, “Programs put role models within reach of youth; classes, lunches, mentoring, and basketball all figure in Seattle effort,” Christian Science Monitor v82, n174, Fri, August 3, 1990.

Freedman, Marc, The Kindness of Strangers: Adult Mentors, Urban Youth, and the New Volunteerism,  Jossey-Bass, Inc., San Francisco, 1993.

Freedman, Marc and Baker, Rachel, Workplace mentoring for Youth: Context, Issues, Strategies, Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, 1994.   

Furano, K. et al, Big Brothers/Big Sisters: A Study of Program Practices, Public/Private Ventures. Philadelphia, PA, 1993.  

Gilmore III, James S., "Mentoring Makes A Difference," (local and national adult-youth mentoring programs), Nation's Cities Weekly, May 24, 1999.

Glass, Roger, Opening Windows for Teenagers: How Mentors Can Help, American Federation of Teachers, Spring 1991.

Goldrich, Robert "Mentoring," (program in film production in Los Angeles), Shoot, June 30, 2000.

Goldsmith, Marsha F., 'Med prep' college course helps high school students work toward dreams. (Medical News & Perspectives),  JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association, v271, n19, May 18, 1994.

Goode, Stephen, ""Phipps Helps Youth Hum a Different Tune," (Wintley Phipps' U.S. Dream Academy), Insight, June 18, 2001.

Gray, W.A, "Advice on Planning Mentoring Programs for At-risk Youth,"  Mentoring International, 3(3), 17-22,  International Centre for Mentoring, Vancouver, BC, 1989.

Gray, W.A. and Ross, A.E., STEP: A 2-Step Skill Training and Empowerment Program,  International Centre for Mentoring, Vancouver, BC, 1987.

Grayson, Randall, "Serving At-Risk Youth at Camp," Camping Magazine, January 2001.

Greim, Jeffrey L.,  Adult/Youth Relationships Pilot Project. Initial Implementation Report, Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, PA. Dec 1992.

Grossman, J.B., "The practice, quality, and cost of mentoring," in Grossman, J. (Ed.), Contemporary Issues in Mentoring, Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, 1999.

Grossman, Jean Baldwin, and Garry, Eileen, "Mentoring -- A Proven Delinquency Prevention Strategy, OJJDP Bulletin, U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, April 1997.

Grossman J.B.; Rhodes J.E., “The Test of Time: Predictors and Effects of Duration in Youth Mentoring Relationships,American Journal of Community Psychology, April 2002, vol. 30, no. 2, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.

Haensly, P. A., & Parsons, J. L., "Creative, intellectual, and psychosocial development through mentorship: Relationships and stages," Youth & Society, 1993.

Hamilton, Stephen F.; Hamilton, Mary Agnes,  "Mentoring Programs: Promise and Paradox," Phi Delta Kappan, v73 n7,  Mar 1992. 

Hamilton, Stephen-F.; Hamilton, Mary Agnes, Linking Up: Final Report on a Mentoring Program for Youth, Cornell University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Ithaca, 1990.

Hanlon, Thomas E. et al, “An early community-based intervention for the prevention of substance abuse and other delinquent behavior,” Thomas E. Hanlon, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Dec 2002 v31 i6.

Harjan, N, "Factors that influence high school mentoring relationships, International Mentoring Association Newsletter, Winter, 1994.

Head, F. and M.M. Gray, "Legacy of Mentor: Insights Into Western History," International Journal of Mentoring 2, 1988.

Heard, C.A., "Preliminary Development of the Probation Mentor Home Program: A Community-Based Model," Federal Probation 54:4, National Institute of Justice/National Criminal Justice Reference Service, Rockville, MD 1990.

Henderson, Nan; Benard, Bonnie;  Sharp-Light, Nancy, Eds, Mentoring for Resiliency: Setting Up Programs for Moving Youth from "Stressed to Success," Resiliency in Action, 2000.

Hendricks, William, Intensive Caring: Practical Ways to Mentor Youth, Group Publishing, 1998.

Hendry, L., Roberts, W., Glendinning, A., & Coleman, J., "Adolescents' perceptions of significant individuals in their lives," Journal of Adolescence, 15, 1992.

Hennecke, Matthew J., "Mentors and Proteges: How to Build Relationships That Work," Training, July 1983.

Herrera,  Carla, School-Based Mentoring: A First Look into its Potential , Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, 1999.

Herrera, Carla,  Cynthia L. Sipe, and Wendy S. McClanahan, with Amy J.A. Arbreton and Sarah K. Pepper, Mentoring School-Age Children: Relationship Development in Community-Based and School-Based Programs,  Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, 2000.

Higgins, Catherine et al, I Have a Dream in Washington, D.C: Initial Report, Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, Winter, 1991.

Hritz S.A.; Gabow P.A, “A Peer Approach to High Risk Youth,” Journal of Adolescent Health, April 1997, vol. 20, no. 4, Elsevier Science.

Huang, Chungliang and Jerry Lynch,  Mentoring - The TAO of Giving and Receiving Wisdom,  Harper, San Francisco, 1995. 

Ianni, Francis, "Social, Cultural and Behavioral Contexts of Mentoring," 1990, available from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC).

Institute for Urban and Minority Education, Managing Mentoring Programs., Columbia Univ., New York, N.Y., 1992.

Institute for Urban and Minority Education, "The Mentoring Relationship in Action," IUME Briefs, n3, August 1992.

Jackson, Y, “Mentoring for delinquent children: an outcome study with young adolescent children,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, April 2002 v31 i2.   

Jarvis, M., "Personalizing high school" [mentoring a-risk students at Smoky Hill High School, Aurora, CO], Education Digest, September, 1996.

Jekielek, Susan, Moore, Kristin, and Hair, Elizabeth, Mentoring Programs and Youth Development, A Synthesis,, Edna McConnell Clark Foundation, Child Trends, Washington, D.C., January 2002.

Jekielek, M.A., Moore, K.A., et al, “Mentoring: A Promising Strategy for Youth Development,” Child Trends Research Brief, Washington, D.C., February 2002.

Johnson, Amy and Sullivan, Judith, "Mentoring Program Practices and Effectiveness," New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, n66, Summer 1995.

King, Keith et al, “Increasing self-esteem and school connectedness through a  multidimensional mentoring program,” Journal of School Health, Sept 2002 v72 i7.

Kishpaugh, Chuck, et al, Friends in Faith: Mentoring Youth in the Church, Discipleship Resources. 1993.

Knight, S.L., "Investigating the struggle and working through hypothesis in mentoring relationships with aggressive children," Dissertation Abstracts International, 59, 1999.

Kniseley, MacGregor. Knowing you've made a difference strengthening campus-based mentoring program through evaluation and research, Campus Compact, Providence, RI, 1993.

Kniseley, MacGregor. Linking college students and at-risk youth: strategies for planning and conducting campus-based mentoring programs, Campus Compact,  Providence, RI, 1990.

Kotloff, Lauren et al, Comparative Case Studies of Five Peer Support Group Programs, Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, 1993.

Kuehr, Wanda, “Processes and outcomes of mentoring relationships in selected at-risk elementary students,” Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, Sept., 1999.

Lajoux, Alexandra Reed, "One to one--A catalyst for success,"  Trustee, Apr 1996.  

Larson, Scott, At Risk: Bringing Hope to Hurting Teens, Group Publishing, June 1999.  

Laughrey,-Michael-C,  "The Design and Implementation of a Mentor Program To Improve the Academic Achievement of Black Male High School Students," Educational Specialist Practicum Report, Nova University, 1990.

Lingren, Herbert, "High Risk Youth," University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension, May 1997.

Little, Shirley and Crocket, L., eds, Tutoring Success! A Joint Project of Anderson School District One and The National Dropout Prevention Center,  Clemson University, SC, 1990.

Lyons, Morgan and Charner, Ivan,  The Benefits of Mentoring: Outcomes for Mentors and Youth, Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, 1994.

Maddern, Eric, "Pathways to Manhood: Tackling the problems of Boys Growing U,", Horizons n10, Summer 2000.

Martinek T.; Schilling T.; Johnson D., Transferring Personal and Social Responsibility of Underserved Youth to the Classroom, The Urban Review, March 2001, vol. 33, no. 1, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. 

McCarthy, N., and Knox, L., The individualized mentoring model: A recipe for success, Multnomah Education Service District Press, Portland, OR, 1993.

McClanahan, Wendy, Relationships in a Career Mentoring Program: Lessons Learned from the Hospital Youth Mentoring Program, Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, PA 1998.

McPartland, James M.; Nettles, Saundra Murray,  "Using Community Adults as Advocates or Mentors for At-Risk Middle School Students: A Two-Year Evaluation of Project RAISE,"  American Journal of Education, 99(4), Aug 1991.

Mecartney, Crystal et al, Mentoring in the Juvenile Justice System: Findings from Two Pilot Programs, Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, PA 1994.

Mentoring Institute, Mentoring In Education, The Family, The Community, Vancouver,  BC.

Mentoring Institute, Inside 14 Mentoring Programs, Mentoring International, Vol 3, #2 Spring 1989.  

The Mentoring Institute, "Mentoring At-risk Youth," Mentoring International, Vol 3 #3, Summer 1989.

Mentoring Institute, Mentoring, Achievement, Motivation and The Literacy Challenge, Spring 1989.

Meyer, William, “A turn down the harbor with at-risk children,” Phi Delta Kappan v78, n4, 312 December, 1997.

Minnesota Office of Citizenship and Volunteer Services, Mentoring Works (24-minute video), St. Paul, MN, 1991.  

Moore, T, "Mentorships work, but need adults," San Francisco Chronicle, A15-A17, April 21, 1997.

Moore, Kristin, and Zaff, Jonathan, “Building a Better Teenager: A Summary of ‘What Works’ in Adolescent Development, Child Research Brief,  Child Trends, Washington, D.C., November 2002.

Morley, Elaine and Rossman, Shelli B., "Helping At-Risk Youth: Lessons from Community-Based Initiatives," Urban Institute, December 1997.

Morrow, Kristine and Styles, Melanie, Building Relationships With Youth in Program Settings: A Study of Big Brothers/Big Sisters, Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, 1995.

Mosqueda, P.F. and Paaich, R., Mentoring young people makes a difference, Education Commission of the States, Denver, CO, 1990.

Munsch, J., & Blyth, D.A., "An analysis of the functional nature of adolescents' supportive relationships," Journal of Early Adolescence, 13, 1993.

Murray, Bridgett, “Good Mentoring Keeps At-Risk Youth in School,” APA Monitor, American Psychological Association, 1995.

National Association of Partners in Education,. "Organizing Effective School-Based Mentoring Programs," Alexandria, VA, 1992.

National Mentoring Partnership, Mentoring: Elements of effective practice, National Mentoring Workgroup, United Way of America and One to One/The National Mentoring Partnership, 1991.

"New Grants to Support Mentoring Efforts for At-Risk Youth," US Newswire, January 19, 2001.

Newman, Michael, Beginning a mentoring program, One plus One, QED Communications, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, 1990.

Noe, R.A., "An investigation of the determinants of successful assigned mentoring," Personnel Psychology, 41, 1988.

Ohio State University, We Can Because It Is Possible: A Mentoring Program That Works, Columbus, OH, 1988. 

Olson, Jean, “Military mentoring,” (Real World Science), Science Teacher, 60, n2, 42, Feb, 1993.

One Plus One,  Power of mentoring: an age-old strategy is helping today's youth, QED Communications, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, 1990. 

One to One Partnership, Inc., Creating an Institutionalized School-based Mentoring Program, vol. 3, Washington, DC,  June, 1994.

Parks, Sharon Daloz, Big Questions, Worthy Dreams: Mentoring Young Adults in Their Search for Meaning, Purpose, and Faith, Jossey-Bass, 2000.

Pena, Maria M, “Partners in Bilingual Education: A mentoring program for non-traditional, at-risk students,” Dissertation Abstracts International, June 1992.

Petersmeyer, C.G, "Assessing the Need" in M. Newman, Beginning a Mentoring Program,  One Plus One, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989.

Piagentini, Ray; Lee, Steve, “Working with the at-risk students,” (Barrington, Illinois, middle school mentoring program), Scholastic Coach v62, n9, 5, April, 1993.

Pianta, Robert, High-Risk Children in School: Constructing Sustaining Relationships, Routledge, 1996.

Piper H.; Piper J., “Disaffected Young People as the problem. Mentoring as the solution. Education and Work as the goal,” Journal of Education and Work, 1 March 2000, vol. 13, no. 1, Carfax Publishing,

Pollard, Vincent Kelly, Youth at Risk? Conceptual Challenges in Communicating a Statewide Mentoring Initiative, 1999.

Potts, Tom, "Volunteering at schools has many rewards," Dallas Morning News, November 12, 2000.

Project PLUS, A special report on mentoring from Project PLUS and the Aspira Association, Inc., One Plus One, Pittsburgh, PA, 1990, available from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC).

Public/Private Ventures, "Mentoring: what is it?  How could it work for at-risk youth?" Public/Private Ventures News, Philadelphia, Spring/Summer 1990.

Reglin, Gary, Mentoring Students at Risk: An Underutilized Alternative Education Strategy for K-12 Teachers, Charles C. Thomas Publishers, 1998.

Reisner,-Elizabeth-R.; et al.,  A Review of Programs Involving College Students as Tutors or Mentors in Grades K-12, Volume I, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C., 1990. 

Rockwell, Sylvia, “Mentoring Through Accessible, Authentic Opportunities,” Preventing School Failure v41, n3, 111, Spring, 1997.

Rhodes, Jean, "Older and Wiser: Mentoring Relationships in Childhood and Adolescence," The Journal of primary prevention, v 14 n 3, Spring 1994.

Rhodes, J. E., "Natural and Assigned Mentor Relationships with At-Risk Youths: Promising Directions for Research and Intervention," Conference of the Child Welfare League of America, Indianapolis, IA, September, 1993.

Rhodes, J., Grossman, J., & Resch, N., "Agents of change: Pathways through which mentoring relationships influence adolescents' academic adjustment," Child Development, 711, 2000.

Rhodes J.E.; Bogat G.A.; Roffman J.; Edelman P.; Galasso L.,Youth Mentoring in Perspective: Introduction to the Special Issue,” American Journal of Community Psychology, April 2002, vol. 30, no. 2, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.

Rhodes Jean E, Stand by Me: The Risks and Rewards of Mentoring Today's Youth (The Family and Public Policy) , Harvard University Press, March 2002.

Roaf, Phoebe A., et al, Big Brothers/Big Sisters: A Study of Volunteer Recruitment and Screening, Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, 1994.

"Role models to play their part in helping others," Birmingham Post (England), October 14, 2000.

Rowe, Patricia, "Volunteer Mentors Empower Inner-City Youths," Children Today, v19 n1 1, Jan-Feb 1990.

Saito, R.N. and D.A. Blyth, Understanding Mentoring Relationships, Search Institute, Minneapolis, 1992. 

Saito, R.N. and Toehlkepartain, E.C., "The diversity of mentoring," Source Newsletter, Search Institute, Minneapolis, 1992.

Sandling, Amy, "The Power of Mentoring: Meeting the Needs of At-Risk Youth," School Business Affairs, v 64 n6, 1999.

Sawyer R.D., “Mentoring but Not Being Mentored: Improving Student-to-Student Mentoring Programs to Attract Urban Youth to Teaching,” Urban Education, January 2001, vol. 36, no. 1, Sage Publications Inc.

Scales, P., & Gibbons, J., "Extended family members and unrelated adults in the lives of young adolescents: A research agenda," Journal of Early Adolescence, 16(4), 1996.

Schneider, S., "Young Leaders Mentoring Troubled Children," Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 3: 4, 1995.

Schonert-Reichl, Kimber, Offer, Daniel, "Seeking Help and Social Support in Adolescence: The Role of Non-Related Adults, 1992, available from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC).

Schwiebert, Valerie L., Mentoring: Creating Connected Empowered Relationships, American Counseling Assn, Alexandria, VA,  2000. 

Shapiro, Sorah, "20 Years of Guidance/Mentor initiative has altered troubled lives," Newsday, November 16, 2000.

Shaughnessy, Michael, "Mentoring Disadvantaged Gifted Children and Youth," 1992, available from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC).

Sheehan, Karen et al, Adapting the Gang Model: Peer Mentoring for Violence Prevention," Pediatrics, v 104 n 1 p 1, July 1999.

Sherer, Jill, "Elizabeth Shire's helping hands," (University of Maryland Medical System's youth mentorship program with Frederick Douglass High School), Hospital & Health Networks, September 20, 1993.

Sinetar, Marsha, The Mentor's Spirit: Life Lessons on Leadership and the Art of Encouragement, St. Martin's Press, 1998.

Sipe, Cynthia and Roder, Anne, Mentoring School-Age Children: A Classification of Programs Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, 1999.

Sipe, Cynthia,  Mentoring: A Synthesis of P/PV’s Research: 1988-1995Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, 1996.

Sipe, C.L., “Mentoring adolescents: What have we learned?” in Grossman, J. (Ed.), Contemporary Issues in Mentoring, Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, 1999.

Slicker, E.K. and Palmer, D.J., "Mentoring At-Risk High School Students: Evaluation of a School-Based Program," The School Counselor, Vol. 40, 1993.

Smink, Jay, Mentoring Programs for At-risk Youth, Dropout Prevention Research Reports, The National Dropout Prevention Centre, Clemson SC,  February 1990. 

Smith, Tyler, "Modifying behavior through the use of role models," Health care strategic management, v 15 n 11, Nov, 1997.

Steele, Ralph, Mentoring and the Rites of Passage for Youth,  Ralvon Books, 1998.

Steffens, Pat and Williams, Susan, "What Kids Really Need Are Adults Who C.A.R.E.,"  of Nebraska Cooperative Extension.

Tierney, Joseph P.; Branch, Alvia Y., College Students as Mentors for At-Risk Youth: A Study of Six Campus Partners in Learning Programs,  Public/Private Ventures, 399 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 1992.

Tierney, Joseph P. et al, Making A Difference: An Impact Study of Big Brothers/Big Sisters (BB/BS), Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, 1995.

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Drug-Free Neighborhoods Division, "Mentors Make Opportunities Real," Washington, DC, Spring 1992. 

U.S. General Accounting Office, At-Risk Youth: School-Community Collaborations Focus on Improving Student Outcomes, October 2000.

Vitek, John M. et al, A Companion Way: Mentoring Youth in Searching Faith, St. Mary’s Press, 1992. Wall Street Journal,“After Columbine, good news,” (Virgil Gulker's Kids Hope USA, church-based mentoring program) (Editorial),  Fri, April 21, 2000.

Walsh, Joan, Connections: Linking Youth With Caring Adults, Urban Strategies, Oakland, CA 1989.

Warmbrunn, Susan, "Running program enables adults to mentor at-risk teens," Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service, February 3, 1999.

Weinberger, Susan, "Mentors Help Students Stay in School," New York Times, September 1990.

Wetzstein, Cheryl, “Powell urges on volunteers at summit,” The Washington Times, April 30, 1997.

Whisler, J., "Nurturing Adult-Youth Relationships in the Family and School," paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, April 20-24, 1992, available from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC).

Wiener, S. and Mincy, R., Guiding Boys Through the Transition to Adulthood; the Role and Potential of Mentoring, papers from a workshop where participants reacted to the Mentor, Peer Group, and Incentive Model for helping underclass youth, Urban Institute, Washington, DC, 1993.

Wilbur, J., Mentoring, Achievement, Motivation and The Literacy Challenge, HOSTS Corporation, 1988.  

Williams, Philip, Mentoring At-Risk Students, Mentor 2000, Long Beach, CA, 1992. 

Yancey, Antronette K, “Building positive self-image in adolescents in foster care: the use of role models in an interactive group approach,” Adolescence v33, n130, 253, Summer, 1998.

Zeldin, Shepherd, “Sense of community and positive adult beliefs toward adolescents and youth policy in urban neighborhoods and small cities,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Oct 2002 v31 i5.

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